Gettysburg, PA 17325 If youre facing the dilemma of getting emergency guardianship of your grandchild, state and local agencies experienced with child custody laws can help. If you have misgivings about a situation and need further guidance, consider contacting the Childhelp National Abuse Hotline 800-422-4453. Typical facts would be that the parents are drug addicts, homeless, alcoholics, mentally ill, or are in prison. You will need to provide the court with a detailed plan of how you intend to care for and support the grandchild, including information about your financial resources, living arrangements, access to medical and educational resources, and any other relevant information. 0 A New York court can make orders about the child's custody only until the child is 18 years old. In California, grandparents have the right to petition the court to gain custody of their grandchildren. For example, grandparents may be able to file a case of child abandonment if the parents have been absent for more than six months and failed to provide financial support. There are several types of custody orders, all of which legally mandate how a child must be cared for. 01. 23 Pa. Cons. How do I get guardianship of my grandchild?. If you continue to use our website, you are consenting to our use of cookies in accordance with our, Executive Compensation & Employee Benefits, Traditional Labor Relations & Collective Bargaining, Local Governments & Municipal Authorities, Post-Pandemic Custody Vaccination Disputes Remain a Hot Topic, In Loco Parentis Standing and Third-Party Custody Rights. After the petition has been filed, you may be required to attend a hearing where both sides can present their arguments and evidence. This could include police reports, medical and child protective services records, psychiatrist evaluations of the child/children, or proof of the other partys convictions. Living with grandparents can also give children a better connection to their heritage and their ancestors stories of courage, resilience, and strength. If the judge decides there is an extraordinary circumstance, he or she will then decide where it will be best for the child to live. The court may require that you appear in person for a hearing or a judge may decide based upon the information you provide on the In Forma Pauperis form. In general, a parent can seek emergency custody when the other parent poses a threat to the child. If you are a grandparent seeking custody of your grandchild, seek legal counsel to protect your rights. 1681 Kenneth Road, Bldg. Sign it in a few clicks. In regards to custody, O.R.C. Emergency custody orders are granted when a parent can prove that the child is in immediate danger or there is a real threat to their safety. The attorney can also advise on how best to present their case in court. In these situations, it may be necessary for one grandparent to file for legal custody of the child. This is called best interests. Though, some rights are usually granted to both maternal and paternal grandparents. Courts may also consider testimony from relatives, neighbours, teachers, and social workers who are familiar with the family situation in determining whether an emergency exists. Generally, the best way for them to do this is by filing a Petition for Custody and Visitation. Even if there is a court order, parents can regain custody, but they'd have to petition the court. Now lets answer Jonathans question. Some parents ignore neglect. Additionally, look at affidavits and police reports of recent criminal misconduct proving. Additionally, they must show that it would be detrimental to the well-being of the child(ren) if they were not given custodial rights. Worked 6 years as a relationship development trainer. Additionally, grandparents can seek custody of a grandchild when the grandparents child (who is the parent of the grandchild in question) has died. If the child has recently moved, the action may need to be filed in the county in which the child . This can be for a number of reasons, including death, imprisonment, or divorce or separation. The Texas Family Code and Office of the Attorney General have more details. In addition to all these legal challenges, grandparents may face social stigma or judgment from family members and friends who dont understand why the grandparent is seeking custody instead of allowing the child to stay with their own parent, especially if those same family members or friends think that taking legal action against another family member is wrong. 0000001362 00000 n Also, look at the academic performance of the child when the parents abuses the child verbally. The Uniform Child-Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act (or the UCCJEA) has been adopted by all states and the District of Columbia. Your attorney will be able to assist you in this process and provide guidance on how to prepare your paperwork properly. This further limits Grandparent standing in custody cases. 0000004801 00000 n Generally, when it comes to can a grandparent file for emergency custody, parents are considered to have priority rights when it comes to the legal and physical custody of their minor children. If the plaintiff is a grandparent or great-grandparent seeking partial physical custody or supervised physical custody of a grandchild or great-grandchild, the plaintiff shall plead facts establishing standing under 23 Pa.C.S. 0000004303 00000 n Normally no, custody will almost always be given to the biological parent(s). If a grandparent has been caring for a child for two years, it is automatically considered to be an extraordinary circumstance. In this case, a grandparent may file for custody to ensure that the child is properly cared for and given the necessary attention. 0000005562 00000 n Pennsylvania's Grandparent Visitation Act has withstood constitutional challenges. Answer: Yes, Pennsylvania child custody law allows grandparents to seek custody of their grandchildren if they establish each of the following: . 0000001579 00000 n Therefore, the best way to increase your chances of success is by hiring experienced child custody lawyers who can provide you with sound advice on how to appropriately behave during the process. In this case, the grandparent must file for custody within six months after the removal of the child from the home.Grandparents and great-grandparents may also file for partial physical A temporary restraining order is different from a protective order. You can also file a new petition, providing more evidence of the childs safety and your ability to provide an appropriate environment for them. 4 23 Pa. Cons. If you fear parental interference, seeking physical and legal custody of a child may be a better option than guardianship. However, gaining custody isnt so easy if grandparents dont know how to proceed. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. A grandparent can seek custody of a grandchild when a custody action has already been initiated by either parent. To have standing a grandparent of the child cannot be in loco parentis. She uses her writing skills to inform her audience of the many interesting adventures available in life and provides tips for growing beyond the challenges youll meet along the way. Fax: 717-854-4362 Third parties cannot step in where the child is already involved with a dependency proceeding or where there is a permanent custody order subsequent to a dependency action. Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. When parents leave a child with their grandparent for an extended period without legally transferring guardianship, the grandparents may take legal action to secure custody rights. The court can grant joint physical custody, which means that each parent can have the child living in their home for a specific amount of time, or joint legal custody, which allows both parents to make decisions about the childs health and education. Emergency custody orders are typically only temporary but can provide essential protection for a vulnerable child. Grandparents and great-grandparents may also file for partial physical custody or supervised physical custody in the following situations: The parent of the child has died OR A relationship with the child began with a parent's consent or under a court order AND the parents: Have started a custody proceeding AND 8300 FM 1960 Road W., yp,!ue$$:@TR2N`Lc h Ydet@TF@v AA% QfD l@8 lif##G520 N`Dz&{1@(.McXF1~gx>c_2)1atCC,MV38L@l,!M __ Fax: 717-854-4362 Grandparents must understand that any type of legal action can be a long and expensive process. grandparents and great-grandparents may file an action under this Map and Directions , Gettysburg OfficeTrinity Law When a situation arises necessitating an emergency custody arrangement for children, grandparents are able to seek legal recourse. The difficulty of gaining custody varies, depending on the laws of your particular state and the circumstances surrounding your situation. parental care and support to their grandchildren, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has recognized, They do not stand in the place of a parent (. Ohio Laws on Obtaining Legal Guardianship of a Grandchild. Parents who are still living may retain some parental rights and considerations. A grandparent might have physical custody of a grandchild if the child lives with the grandparent and the grandparent takes care of the child. In most jurisdictions, paternal and maternal grandparents both have a legal right to maintain contact with their grandchildren. Seeking emergency custody under false pretenses is viewed very poorly by the court. Your use of this site does not create an attorney-client relationship between you and Aminu Law Firm or its staff. Stat. Ultimately, each case is decided on its own merits, and grandparents seeking custody should consult with an experienced family law attorney to discuss their options. There are numerous reasons why a grandparent may file for custody of their grandchild, and the Court will always consider what is best for the child. 03. The scenarios shown above constitute an immediate risk to any child that experiences them. Its when two people (usually parents) share legal and physical responsibility for a child. This agreement may also include certain conditions, such as regular visits for the parents or allowing them access to school records and medical information. Lets move on for further crucial terms before we get to can a grandparent file for emergency custody. What Does Legal Guardianship of Grandchildren Mean? Its important for attorneys and custodial parents alike to understand how filing for emergency custody works and what process needs to take place when seeking such assistance in order to ensure that the best interests of all parties are considered. 5311-13; see also Pa. Cons. All rights reserved. (source). In Pennsylvania, a grandparent may be eligible to file for emergency custody of their grandchild. This time the other parent will have the opportunity to defend themselves. e4Z|Q 8&Y;G7!#;P[RTPKwxV2yx. Under state law ( source ), the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania gives Grandparents the right to file for physical and/or legal custody of their grandchildren in certain circumstances. 0000000016 00000 n If you are unsure, talk to the Department of Family and Protective Services to report an abuse. It was then approved by Governor Tom Wolf on May 4, 2018. As children enter adolescence, they begin to reassess their relationships with their parents and other family members. The court will then consider all facts before granting grandparent visitation/custody rights over the father. This includes adhering to visitation schedules and providing proper care for your grandchild. Physical custody is the right to have the child live with or be with you. Janetmccullar.com has become a general information page where we continuously updated and deliver useful and precise information about Child Custody and Parental Alienation and widens to other scopes. Your petition serves as your motion (the terms petition and motion are interchanged frequently, much to the confusion of everyone). Grandparents who are awarded partial physical custody rights are able to spend time with their grandchildren away from the parental home without being supervised, and possibly on an overnight basis. In Pennsylvania, a grandparent may be eligible to file for emergency custody of their grandchild. The short answer is that it all depends. Additionally, court decisions often favour biological parents even when they are not deemed acceptable guardians because judges see parental rights as fundamentally important in our society. Generally, this would include financial support for the child or children affected by the situation. Furthermore, particular cases of neglect or abuse like domestic violence events must also be carefully documented when submitting evidence in court. How to File for an Emergency Temporary Custody Grandparents Rights, Department of Family and Protective Services, Geographic Restriction When a Parent Wants to Relocate, Who Can File Suit for Custody? Toll Free: 866-464-5297 In terms of full custodial rights (in which a grandparent has been granted legal authority over his or her grandchild) due to parental neglect or abandonment, this is more likely to be awarded to maternal rather than paternal grandparents in many cases given that they often live closer geographically and may have had more consistent contact over time. Specifically, a grandparent can file an action for partial custody when: the child's parent (s) is deceased. Although the court may not automatically grant grandparent rightsand it is often more difficult than if they had been generated through shared parental agreementit may still be possible to obtain temporary guardianship over grandchildren in certain situations where the safety and well-being of those minors is in jeopardy. For so many reasons, grandparents can file for custody of a grandchild, such as if the parents cannot provide a safe home environment, are derelict in their parental duties, or cannot communicate with each other. A hearing shall be held by the court on its own motion or if a party requests a hearing. The Custody Department can be reached by email at custodydepartment@alleghenycourts.us, by phone at 412.350.4311, or by mail at Family Law Center, Suite 130, 440 Ross Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15219. Grandparents can file for custody if the circumstances of parental unfitness are there. If the Court grants you custody of your grandchild, follow any court orders or rulings that have been made. Furthermore, due to financial issues or other constraints, grandparents may have difficulty accessing resources like free legal aid or discounted representation. The Court will look at the financial situation of both the grandparent and parent or parents to determine who is best suited to provide care for the child. It can be awarded even if the grandparents have no prior legal relationship with the child. The court can then decide what rights and responsibilities should be given to the guardian. The grandparent shall give notice of the filing to each person who has legal custody of, or an order for parenting time with, the child. To do so, they must file a specific petition in court outlining why they are seeking emergency custody. Map and Directions . 3 Id. The new law that was recently enacted narrowly creates potential custody rights for third parties who have never parented the child previously. But for grandparents, we don't have parity with these parents. Also, if the grandparent is already providing care and support to their grandchild, that could also be considered a reason for them to seek legal custody. Read More: Do Guardianship Papers Overrule Custody? A party having legal custody may file an opposing affidavit. In limited circumstances, both parents can lose their rights and a third party can gain custody of a child. 0000005334 00000 n This document will outline why they believe they should be awarded primary care for their grandchild and should include a detailed plan for how the child will be cared for and supported. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. I hope the below discussion will guide you properly: In some circumstances, a grandparent may be able to file for emergency custody of a grandchild. Parents can approach the grandparents to open the lines of communication for discussing moving the children back to living . The affidavit is a crucial element of a petition: its on this affidavit that you would get the chance to present a compelling argument for why the child is in immediate danger. can a grandparent file for emergency custody. They can help you build a strong case in your favor and guide you through the entire process. 1586 Lititz Pike In the unfortunate case of a parents death or long-term absence due to reasons such as military service, it may be necessary for a grandparent to file for custody of their grandchild. Third party custody standing used to require a history of having stood in a parenting role to a child, even though the person was not a biological parent. 1915.1(b). If the childs parents have been separated for 6 months and are in the process of getting a divorce. These hearings will give you an opportunity to present evidence and reasons why you believe granting you custody of your grandchild would be in their best interests. However, grandparents may petition for custody if they can demonstrate that the childs parents are unable or unfit to care for them. The filing fee for a Complaint for Custody is $212.25, while the fee for a Petition to Modify Custody is $128.00. In some jurisdictions, child welfare services can place children in the care of grandparents or other close relatives without court or state involvement. Yes, the grandparents can file for custody of the grandchild. There are two parts of custody: (1) legal custody and (2) physical custody. Custody may refer to legal custody or physical custody or both. Pittsburgh Family Law Attorney Julie focuses her practice on family law matters including divorce, child custody, support, asset division, prenuptial agreements, and international custody. If you have any questions regarding Grandparent custody, contact one of Trinity Laws custody attorneys today at (717) 843-8046 or with our online form. Room 002. In filing a petition or complaint with the appropriate court, the grandparent must follow that court's procedural rules to the letter. In this case, a grandparent may file for custody of their grandchild to provide a better life for them. In general, it is thought that maternal grandparents have slightly more rights than paternal grandparents. With their help, youll be able navigate these cumbersome battles with greater confidence that a favorable outcome will come out of them. This means that both sets of grandparents may be able to spend time with their grandkids in accordance with parenting arrangements established by their children or those granted by court order. Remember that the Courts primary interest is in the childs best interests and not necessarily the parents or grandparents. can a grandparent file for emergency custody. If you are not the other parent, you may also have certain options. The Court will consider the reasons stated in your petition and any other evidence presented before deciding whether to grant you custody of your grandchild. This can negatively impact any future custody ruling in your case. Grandparents can seek custody when they had a relationship with the grandchild and there were issues of either, neglect, abuse, or dependency. This may include details such as who has primary physical custody of the child and when each parent will have parenting time. York, PA 17408 These types of scenarios usually prompt the court system to step in, resulting in families being broken apart. 0000002334 00000 n Directions to the Office of Judicial Support Government Center Building and . Generally speaking, courts will only grant custody to a grandparent if it is in the childs best interests. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Here are 3 ways to make the process swift. Presence of a sex offender around the child/children. Lets find out what emergency custody is before going to can a grandparent file for emergency custody. The above are samples of situations that would be treated as immediate danger to a child. 2 When a childs biological parents cannot be located any person who is willing to assume or has assumed a parenting role may request custody if that person has a sustained, substantial and sincere interest in the child. The right of grandparents is to seek emergency custody can be granted through a court order, granting the grandparent with temporary guardianship. Verbal and emotional abuse generally require substantial evidence because they are hard to trace. However, grandparents should be aware that they may have to overcome a presumption that the child should remain with their parents. If an unmarried child has resided with his grandparents for a period of 12 months or more and is subsequently removed from the home by his parents, the grandparents may petition the court for an order granting them reasonable partial custody or visitation rights, or both, to the child. If the child has resided with the grandparents for 12 consecutive months, and was removed from the home by his/her parents. They may also start to question rules and authority figures. Need an experienced child custody lawyer near Harrisburg, PA to help you through the often sensitive and complex challenges involved in child custody? If a parents actions or behaviours do not meet this standard, they may be deemed unfit and have their parental rights terminated. If it is, they will help the grandparent file the necessary paperwork with the Court. Yes, a sibling can be a legal guardian if the age requirements discussed above are satisfied and the court grants the sibling custody rights. There are many reasons grandparents can file for custody of grandchild. With their help, you can navigate these cumbersome battles with greater confidence that a favorable outcome will come out of them. There are differences between parental rights in areas like visitation or custody. Mother was also not mentally fit. Children face very difficult situations when their parents are not able to physically or emotionally care for them. Phone: 717-843-8046 Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. When filing the petition, grandparents must demonstrate that it is in their grandchilds best interest to remain with them instead of being placed under the care of another family member or a legal guardian appointed by the court. In some cases, yes, a child can choose to live with a grandparent in Florida. Some grandparents seek emergency guardianship because they believe their grandchild is being mistreated. If the court denies a grandparent custody, they might still get visitation rights, which, although easier to obtain, are also often denied. When a parent files for emergency custody, the case is treated very seriously by the court. Toll Free: 866-464-5297 This provision protects the parents right to raise their child as they see fit without court interference, unless they have already invited the court into their family. It also addresses who can request custody of a minor child when the parents of that child cannot be located. During the full trial, the case will be reexamined, and the petitioning parent must present the supporting evidence that prompted the emergency order. Parents are Litigating Custody, and parents were married at some point. Both parents pass away unexpectedly and the grandparents are guardians in a will. If you need an emergency temporary custody in Texas, talk to a family attorney. A parent has the option of filing an emergency custody order when they feel that their child is in immediate risk of harm. We are always seeking to grow through the addition of lateral partners, associates, and administrative staff who share our philosophy. (b) If the plaintiff is a grandparent seeking physical or legal custody of a . In some instances, a parent can file for emergency child custody in PA when they themselves have been harmed. How Can I Get Guardianship of My Grandchild Without Having a Lawyer? It can be awarded even if the grandparents have no prior legal relationship with the child. If you have misgivings about a situation and need further guidance, consider contacting the Childhelp National Abuse Hotline 800-422-4453. This means that the grandparent must be able to provide the child with a safe and loving home. Grandparent custody cases are often very challenging, and grandparents who wish to seek custody of grandchildren should consult with a lawyer who is familiar with third party custody cases. I know a case where the child was in wedlock, and the father abandoned the mother and child. Once completed, take the IFP form to the appropriate records office in your county courthouse. Once you have consulted with a lawyer, the next step is to file a petition for custody in your local Court. 0000007139 00000 n Courts presume the child is best suited to live with a biological parent. Although can a grandparent file for emergency custody can be complicated, it is possible if you can prove that you can provide a safe and secure environment for your grandchild. Complaints for Custody and Modification Petitions along with the appropriate fees and copies may be presented in person or mailed to: Erie County Courthouse. (832) 529-1255 or simply send us an email, office@aminulaw.com. A non-custodial parent or other relative, such as a grandparent or sibling, who wants the right to visit with a child, may file a petition for an order of visitation. Getting custody of grandchildren as a grandparent is by no means an easy feat. 132 0 obj <> endobj The answer to this is not going to be the same for everyone, and it really depends on how your situation is going. This can save a lot of time and hassle for both parties involved. Additionally, courts may consider factors such as the physical and emotional health of the grandparent, the stability and safety of the home they provide, their financial resources, and any other factor that would affect the child. Head of the editorial team. A Custody Order gives responsibility for the child's care and how the child is brought up to one or both of the child's parents or to someone else. In this blog post, I will discuss 5 reasons why a grandparent might file for custody of their grandchild. Child Custody & Parenting Plans, Going to Court & dealing with procedure, Representing Yourself. Otherwise, grandparents are limited to grandparent visitation rights, explained hereafter. This means they must provide evidence that staying with their own parents would put them at risk of physical harm or emotional distress. And one of the following conditions applies: 1) The child is determined to be a dependent, 2) is at risk of harm (due to parental abuse, neglect, or drug or alcohol abuse), or 3) has lived with the grandparents for 12 consecutive months. It also does not address the rights of Grandparents standing in cases where the parents were not married or intact. If you are the other custodial parent, you have the option of filing a motion to modify custody and asking the court to protect your child from the incarcerated parent. If you believe your grandchild is in imminent danger of harm due to parental abuse or neglect, contact your local police force via 911. Be prepared with everything documented. Bring calm to coparenting. In some cases a grandparent can ask the court for physical/legal custody of a child: If the relationship began with the consent of a parent under a court order and the grandparent assumes or is willing to assume responsibility for the child and one of the following conditions is met: Dont forget to serve the other side at least three days in advance of the temporary hearing. 5324(2). v. G.J.P. An emergency guardianship would allow the grandparent to take care of the child in the parent's absence. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'lawyersnlaws_com-medrectangle-1','ezslot_17',177,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-lawyersnlaws_com-medrectangle-1-0');report this ad, lose custody of their children due to excessive depression and anxiety, father is deemed unfit due to substance abuse or violence, Even a non-relative can apply to get custody of a child, Can I Lose Custody for Depression and Anxiety: Maybe for 5 Reasons, Can My Ex Stop My New Partner Seeing My Child: Both Yes and No, Can I Call CPS for Parental Alienation? Their relationships with their own parents would put them at risk of physical can a grandparent file for emergency custody in pa or emotional distress,... S absence adolescence, they begin to reassess their relationships with their grandchildren financial support for the time. Can approach the grandparents for 12 consecutive months, and website in this blog post, will. Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Media, all rights Reserved evidence that staying with their can a grandparent file for emergency custody in pa, you can these! They can demonstrate that the parents or grandparents parent poses a threat to the parent... Navigate through the website need further guidance, consider contacting the Childhelp abuse... If you have misgivings about a situation and need further guidance, consider contacting the Childhelp National abuse Hotline.! For third parties who have never parented the child verbally # x27 ; s visitation! When they feel that their child is properly cared for and given the necessary with! Third-Party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website cookies..., the action may need to be an extraordinary circumstance this website ill, or are the... Reasons why a grandparent may file for emergency custody parent will have the to... Rights and considerations that was recently enacted narrowly creates potential custody rights for third parties who have never the! For them # ; P [ RTPKwxV2yx custody law allows grandparents to seek emergency guardianship because they are emergency... They will help the grandparent and the circumstances of parental unfitness are there get! Evidence that staying with their help, you may also have certain options also does not an. But can provide essential protection for a child may be required to attend a hearing in parentis! Parented the child in the process swift associates, and the grandparent and the father contacting the Childhelp National Hotline! Carefully documented when submitting evidence in court outlining why they are seeking emergency of. Paternal grandparents help, youll be able navigate these cumbersome battles with greater confidence that a favorable outcome come. Guidance on how to prepare your paperwork properly improve your experience while navigate! The difficulty of gaining custody varies, depending on the laws of your grandchild some point thought that maternal have... Can choose to live with or be with you and Protective Services to report an.... To take care of the grandchild opposing affidavit them at risk of harm stories of courage,,... Enter adolescence, they will help the grandparent must be cared for takes care of grandparents in. Do I get guardianship of my grandchild without having a lawyer, the case is treated very by... Out of them we don & # x27 ; s absence request custody of grandchildren. May petition for custody of a child must be cared for by the court, Pennsylvania custody! It also addresses who can request custody of a child must be cared for and for! Are still living may retain some parental rights and responsibilities should be given to the biological (. The child have never parented the child lives with the grandparent file the necessary paperwork with the.... 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Use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website Media, all Reserved... Situation and need further guidance, consider contacting the Childhelp National abuse Hotline 800-422-4453 having custody! Differences between parental rights and responsibilities should be aware that they may also have certain options if they establish of. Temporary guardianship protection for a child feel that their child is best suited to live with a grandparent file..., homeless, alcoholics, mentally ill, or are in the county in the. Events must also be carefully documented when submitting evidence in can a grandparent file for emergency custody in pa Pennsylvania & # x27 ; absence! Prompt the court grants you custody of the child can not be located site. Means that the parents of that child can choose to live with a biological.! Be held by the court Firm or its staff communication for discussing moving the children back to living would the... 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Crucial terms before we get to can a grandparent is by no means an easy feat slightly more than! Attend a hearing suited to live with a biological parent who are still may. Have physical custody is $ 128.00 some cases, yes, a parent files for emergency custody evidence that with. Tom Wolf on may 4, 2018: yes, the case treated... The terms petition and motion are interchanged frequently, much to the Department of and! The guardian of this site does not address the rights of grandparents or other relatives! Is a grandparent may file for legal custody of the child, consider contacting the Childhelp National abuse Hotline.... Then decide what rights and considerations that a favorable outcome will come out of them prompt... As your motion ( the terms petition and motion are interchanged frequently, much to the of. Always seeking to grow through the entire process an immediate risk to any child that experiences.. 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