b. Questioned Documents. A questioned document may be examined forensically for alterations, markings, invisible ink, etc. The second important use of photography in document examination is for recording and presenting evidence. Because of the higher fiber density encircling the design, the logo appears opaque and deep. This type of watermarking is usually seen in security notes, passports, Identity cards, vehicle paper, etc. Applications of Questioned Document Examination Document Examiners have a crucial role to play in investigations involving a documentary evidence. Whenever possible, the examiner should attempt to compare the questioned impression to the stamp that is suspected of making it. Triton X-100: Added till surface tension in between 27 to 30 dyne. When a questioned document examination is ordered, the first goal is to determine whether or not the document is genuine. In natural writing, the writer is likely to have a strong fluency of line- meaning the pen will rarely, if ever, leave the paper while writing a single word or signature. Quick history: First chemical watermark patented by Frans V.E. 1. UV light provides more detail and contrast to an injured area, including bite marks, than standard lighting techniques. Forensic document examiners are often called upon to determine whether questioned documents have been augmented or altered for fraudulent purposes. Careful examination of computer printouts may allow examiners to determine the type of printer utilized; it is possible that some gross mechanical deficiency unique to a particular printer reveals individualized defects that allow the printout to be traced back to the specific machine. Thats the reason why the quality of dandy roll watermarks depends on how frequently the imprints are cleaned. ACE-V is an acronym for an established forensic methodology analogous to the scientific method, which is used to individualize or exclude impressions or objects as having originated from an identical source or as being on in the same.1. The organic analysis and instrumental analysis (IR) can evaluate the groups that are involved. Watermark is a distinctive form of image, shape, text, or any design that appears translucent and fainter when light passes through it. T/F The first pictures the crime-scene photographer takes are the close-up photographs. The TTI includes information such as the senders name and fax number, the recipients fax number, and the date and time of transmission. Think of three adjectives that you would use to describe the people in the photograph. And for more engagement, 600 dpi is good. In the first place, questioned document should be photographed promptly in order that a correct and permanent record maybe made of it and its condition. Imaging instruments such as a video spectral comparator (VSC) also can reveal writing that has been added to alter or augment the original writing on questioned documents. b. Translucent ink Without Heat Application (composition). answer choices. In one method, known as reflective UV imaging, the wound is flooded with UV light, and the reflected UV image is photographed. They have a special quality, they appear similar to other artificial watermarks, but when scratched with a coin, they turn into a darker shade of grey or black. Thank you for your assistance in. Abstract. More clearer and detailing is seen in cylinder moulding watermarks. Individuals also will display minor variation in their signatures across documents, so forensic standards indicate that investigators obtain 20-30 repetitions of signatures, 15-20 repetitions of bank checks, and 3-4 repetitions of entire written documents for comparison purposes. The objective of this article is to focus and evaluate the role of questioned document examiner's opinion in court of law, issues and challenges of Questioned Document Examination. d.The jury, In digital photography, light is recorded as a specific charge on millions of tiny what? a. Questioned document examiner Identify or remove a persons as the source of handwriting, 2. The bee colony consists of specialized individuals: the queen bee, worker bees, and drones. Some fax machines also allow the user to reprogram certain formatting characteristics, which may make it more difficult to accurately discern the make and model of the source machine. Typically, visualization of evidence is in the IR and requires the use of IR sensitive film or a Digital/Video camera with IR sensitivity. Indented Writing Analysis c. Semi-conductors Questioned document examiner also write reports and give testimony, when needed in court. Examiners findings should reflect their systematic compilation and evaluation of all of the observed physical facts, in light of the basic rules of identification and their own experience. In addition to noting uneven margins and crowding, the investigator should use a microscope to evaluate irregularities in the ink and paper, and any other potential anomalies throughout the document. The Scientific Working Group for Forensic Document Examination (SWGFDE) is another organization that develops standards in the field of forensic document examination. Random Watermarks: They are randomly placed on the page. Equal 90 percent Next, it should be established whether the questioned document is an original or a reproduction, and whether there were multiple printing methods involved in the creation of the document (e.g., a printed document that was then photocopied and/or faxed). For cotton fiber-based paper, it may be necessary to use a weak acidic solution to disintegrate the paper into its individual fibers. a. So, with each rotation of the dandy roll, the fiber accumulation increases, resulting in a relatively more opaque watermark (transmit less light) than the rest. Topics discussed include training and qualifications for forensic document examiners as. b. Effective forensic document examination may be hampered if there is an insufficient quantity of questioned material or if the evidence is of insufficient quality. Although this is a fairly crude and obvious way to alter a document, it may fall to the forensic examiner to attempt to decipher what was obscured. He discusses the steps that a forensic document examiner follows,, This document is a letter that Mark Songer received from a client, thanking him for the impressive work he did in verifying the authenticity of living trust document. characteristics of handwriting: 1) slant 2) loops 3) pressure 4) speed . Which statement about note taking is NOT true? But how can an examiner tell if a document is not authentic? Regardless if a scene has been videotaped, still photographs are a must at every crime scene. In this simple post, I am going to state why watermarks are important in the QD examination and how you can differentiate between different types of watermarks. Authenticating all or part of a check or bill of sale, or will, or signature, is 99% of some cases. B. Paper is brought in between the arrangement of dandy rolls with stamp marks and supporting cylindrical drum. Document examination might include alterations, obliterations, paper analysis, forgery, origin, determining authenticity, or any other questions. Forensic Document Examination helps answer questions whether the note was written by the deceased or someone trying to manipulate investigators? And the microscopic examination of printing can help to differentiate between dot matrix, laser, and inkjet printing. Although there are no specific college majors or degrees in forensic examination, scientific training is encouraged and continuing education courses are required to remain in good standing with the aforementioned boards. Indented impressions occur when an imprint is left on the paper(s) underlying the one that was forcibly written or marked upon. Previous research has totally focused on development of science and technology. Use covers or envelopes that are large to hold the document without folding. Non-destructive examinations, such as visual, microscopic, ultraviolet, and infrared tests are usually the first step taken in an effort to identify the class of ink used on a document. identify and see the different instrument used in document examinations; LO6 . Adobe Photoshop or similar software may be used to assess line orientation and spacing, which may be particularly useful in helping to identify anomalies or distortions in the text. Using these adjectives, write a paragraph describing the family pictured. SERIES OF QUESTIONS TOPIC I: Topic I Know/discuss the relevance and role of questioned document examiners in crime detection Q1 : Q1 A document examiner with a good collection of typewriting samples can often date a typewritten document by the difference in type. Questioned document examination (QDE) is a forensic science discipline pertaining to documents that are potentially disputed in a court of law. Imaging instruments such as Video Spectral Comparator (VSC) use radiations of varying wavelengths to disclose writing in a different ink. foster+freeman systems can be found in airports, border crossings, immigration controls, banks and forensic laboratories worldwide. Distorted writing may be caused by age, illness, missed medication, drug or alcohol abuse, or writing position. 7. It is encouraged that investigators collect 20-30 repetitions of signatures, as each will vary slightly, even in the case of collected writing specimens in which an individual is asked to write an entire page of signatures. The questioned document examination laboratory provides the service of scientific examination of documents and other related items and materials such as paper, photocopy, printing processes, ink jet and laser printers, and fingerprint to law enforcing government agencies in their criminal investigation. When comparing handwriting from collected specimens, however, it is important to collect contemporaneous writing, or material that was written around the same time period as the document in question. Although structural characteristics are often still evident, subtle details, such as hesitations, pen lifting, and retouching may not be reproduced. Identity 3. Note taking is done after all crime-scene processing has been completed. Alteration in the surface and change in chemical composition of paper. The advantages of recording crime-scene notes on an audio-recording device include all of the following EXCEPT: . history of photography, method of recording the image of an object through the action of light, or related radiation, on a light-sensitive material. Bees, known for their painful sting and their delicious honey, are a common sight in flower gardens. Finally, as with any technology, fax machines are susceptible to manufacturing defects or defects acquired through overuse or abuse. These chemicals are very individualistic based on their composition and type of printing process. The latter has yet to demonstrate valid and reliable results, whereas research has demonstrated that expert forensic document examiners are significantly more able to accurately compare handwriting samples to determine authorship, as compared to the layperson. The examination's primary purpose is to provide evidence about suspicious or questioned documents using a variety of scientific principles and methods. The examiner observes the numerous features exhibited in the bodies of writing to determine if significant similarities or differences exist. 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