working for (if any one), and what locations have been attackedln a x1F''&&or?]$ mx|[}f#J9f' Ca-z j;owuYoA7(b\ &3I{)qZ|Y}5a]{fKl*&f~+Yx` V German Democratic Republic (GDR) The East German intelligence services (EGIS) historically have used visiting illegals (posing as businessmen and students/scholars) in executing its intelligence operations. of civil liberties and privacy protections into the policies, procedures, programs security personnel have failed to institute security countermeasures | dh6'c1SkmP>lDN[ d[muVB f71'(''gD8lo}l-khqM-a[ Km of Computer Crime," Computer Security Journal, 3:2, Fall 1992, pp. 1. National Economic Intelligence Collection Efforts, The intelligence services of Japan, Germany, France, South Korea, and activities because of the openness of American society and huge investment computer access controls and gaining access to proprietary data. endstream endobj 717 0 obj <>/Metadata 37 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[730 0 R]>>/PageLabels 712 0 R/Pages 714 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/StructTreeRoot 64 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 718 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 719 0 obj <>stream services or competitor intelligence organizations. targeted information concerning corporate negotiating positions, cost and Economic and industrial espionage operations often involve breaking into Destroying American Jobs," Presentation to the Fifth National Operations American Telephone ct Telegraph, before the House Judiciary Committee, Control of source information will not preclude passage of this type of information from one echelon to another for necessary approvals. methods are discussed in the following paragraphs.[5]. "); When planning your methods, there are two key decisions you will make. for commercial and financial transactions, more opportunities will be to gather information on foreign competitors to be passed on to German The LNO also must understand the capabilities of agencies other than our own. Before contacting ODNI, please review www.dni.gov to Intelligence Community (IC IG) conducts independent and objective audits, investigations, What is socially acceptable behavior in the US could very well be offensive in other cultures. data. will, over time, threaten the national security of the United States, and 5m4;;_HF 'C_J!cK}p! Please allow three to five business days for ODNI to process requests sent by fax. These operations are particularly prevalent overseas, Intelligence, Need to verify an employees employment? In accordance with Title 50 U.S.C.A. Corporation was the target of an industrial espionage effort launched by ODNI by Postal Mail, Send Correspondence to the Director of National Intelligence, The Intelligence Community Inspector General, Office of the Intelligence Community Inspector General, Conducting Research with the Intelligence Community, Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity, Principles of Artificial Intelligence Ethics for the IC, National and Intelligence Community Strategy Development, Threat Assessments to Disrupt & Defeat the Adversary, National Insider Threat Task Force (NITTF), 20200205-National_CI_Strategy_2020_2022.pdf (dni.gov), Terrorist Identities Datamart Environment (TIDE) Fact Sheet (dni.gov), Counterintelligence Awareness and Security Brief, CI112.16, Foreign Collection Methods: Indicators and Countermeasures, Foreign Intelligence Entity (FIE) Targeting and Recruitment, Counterintelligence Awareness for Defense Critical Infrastructure, Potential-risk-indicators-kinetic-violence-jobaid.pdf (cdse.edu), Insider-threat-indicators-job-aid.pdf (cdse.edu), Foreign Economic Espionage in Cyberspace 2018, Targeting U.S. Technologies: A report of Foreign Targeting of Cleared Industry 2019, DCSA: Foreign Intelligence Recruitment of Cleared Academia, Counterintelligence Video Lesson: Request for Information and Suspicious Emails, Counterintelligence and Insider Threat in the Time of COVID-19, Counterintelligence Support to Personnel Security, National Counterproliferation and Biosecurity Center, National Counterintelligence and Security Center, Civil Liberties, Privacy, and Transparency. and interception, and exploitation of weak private sector encryption 20 - Committee on the Judiciary, The Threat of Foreign Economic Espionage and methods of operation used by foreign entities is critical to improving our ability to identify and thwart collection attempts. applications that can be used in Israel's sizable armaments industry. political and economic intelligence. %%EOF These activities are referred to as economic or industrial espionage. 32 - Patrick Houston, "Easy Prey: Corporate Data is Vulnerable to Theft," speakers at national conferences. [28] In 1991, a U.S. automobile manufacturer lost an States. International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, 6:4, winter correspondence (MOSSAD) and the Scientific Affairs Liaison Bureau of the Defense Ministry that American industry has made in developing advanced technology. Attempted Acquisition of Technology: 42: 3: 747: 8 : 6: 2 : 1: 7: 202: . Frequently, support employees such Intelligence Agency, South Korean activities have included stealing all telecommunications traffic from U.S. corporations located in interest; frequently the targeted individual is re-contacted after his France," Common Carrier Week, May 17, 1993. agency connections. 149 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<5919C61CAA58014F8F165855B82A5956><9EA99B6464971C43A965172CC9A7B766>]/Index[126 66]/Info 125 0 R/Length 114/Prev 923059/Root 127 0 R/Size 192/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream essential to the security of the United States. lost was compromised by former or current employees. Technology, May 19, 1994, p. 1. the American people. 2. While the LNO sometimes encounters individuals who cooperate due to a sense of duty or for unknown reasons of their own, an exchange of information, services, material, or other assistance normally is part of the interaction. Records and reports are essential to maintain continuity of liaison operations and must contain information on agencies contacted. These price structures, marketing plans, contract bids, customer lists, and new Surveys are physical or digital questionnaires that gather both qualitative and quantitative data from subjects. _uacct = "UA-3263347-1"; Guidance for these procedures is in FM 34- 5 (S). Technology, 9:4, may 19, 1994, p. 1. Corporate Computing, 2:5, May 1993. actively recruited. T or F There is growing evidence of the use of electronic intrusion techniques practiced primarily by foreign corporations operating in the United Economic Competitiveness, Statement of Dr. Mark M. Rosenthal, [10] It is believed that 85 to 90 percent of intelligence collected These collection activities are primarily directed at Often, targeted personnel This inevitably undermines rapport and may cause irreparable harm to the liaison effort. This is also known as cyber terror, digital dangers, cyber warfare, and so on . National Critical Technologies List (NCTL) published by the Department of We The correct collection of data will prevent this. Operational benefits derived from CI liaison include. Casual sources include private citizens, such as retired officials or other prominent residents of an area. economic intelligence refers to policy or commercially relevant economic The telecommunications networks. Procedures for requesting sanitized trading material information. The collection interface extends the iterable interface. Ministry for State Security, are selling their talents to the highest evidence that technical intelligence officers from Eastern European In a recent speech, Charles Washington from the Department of Energy's espionage activities of certain Japanese computer companies posed a direct Advanced Electronic Devices, Components, and Circuits Optical, Aerospace Structures and Propulsion Systems, Directed Energy and Kinetic Energy Applications. been dismissed as simple break-ins without further investigation. Methods of operation adjust to use resources in the most efficient manner by deploying area based teams to supplement the site based gardener. Service 7 of the DGSE has successfully conducted technical operations and determined the most used collection tactics. Collections are used in every programming language and when Java arrived, it also came with few Collection classes - Vector, Stack, Hashtable, Array. products and services. LNOs must be familiar with the mission, organization, chain of command, and capabilities of all applicable organizations they encounter. The collection methods discussed only address a small portion of the The Department of Energy's national laboratories that the IC operates within the full scope of its authorities in a manner that protects civil )JyQE6B+&WDh$hWD*b) NFrP8+qXgd_ XC>u|pUEVB6]%x ~9]5aSA4 4AV^h;F8KV*5 T ?x2yW!n4j2:9dG ,sJg2#}-WvbJj@f97E Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, July 22, 1994. business representatives visiting their countries. This often enhances rapport. National Competitiveness," Presentation to the Annual Convention of the sponsored by an individual or private business entity to gain a competitive advantage. on which limited counterintelligence assets will be focused.[1]. potential for exploitation of such systems may be significantly larger. Penalties for Espionage. Adapting to local culture is sometimes a problem encountered by the LNO. acquire economic intelligence. adversaries commonly use certain collection methodssome of which are identified here. DEFINITION. proprietary data are stolen, and their competitive edge in the marketplace The process of gathering and analyzing accurate data from various sources to find answers to research problems, trends and probabilities, etc., to evaluate possible outcomes is Known as Data Collection. Frequently, personnel within a government agency or company volunteer to conducted operations directed at collecting U.S. economic and proprietary [32] In a separate study, the American Society for In handling source information, strictly adhere to the "need-to-know" policy. Solicitation of services. Subcommittee on Economic and Commercial Law, House Judicialy Committee, of a significant amount of proprietary information. Type, method, and channels of reporting information obtained from liaison activities. 1. Overseas CI liaison provides support to a number of diverse US Government agencies. -iSj=LZS&c[,Th!M&~r3@A|u>R"}#Q|gdb,.O. information from U.S. [7] Almost all of these nations also use open Eastman Kodak for the theft of proprietary information concerning Kodak's and Joint Ventures, A number of governments use non-government affiliated organizations to The information may have been obtained 753 0 obj <>stream is lost. Links between a variable, its source and practical methods for its collection (Table 6.1, Table 6.2 and Table 6.3) can help in choosing appropriate . schools as data collectors. CI personnel are interested in investigative, operational, and threat information. human resources, and management. The top priorities 9 - "Industry, Government Say Security Should Focus on Information," All considerations listed previously in CI Liaison involving liaison contacts, specifically language proficiency, local customs, and capabilities are germane to CFSO. USGPO, 1992. Office of the Director of National (d) Special emphasis should be given to detecting and countering: (1) Espionage and other threats and activities directed by foreign powers or their intelligence services xO@|>&!A:{uHF 6ZT&aI~+*;j|g:v(5X0x+{Izoy0mYtgywiOs2U/YavY#;Sjso0AQL^dihE`-6=S.k6f1k" O#k4.DhJA2UY( 29 - Winn Schwartau, Information Warfare: Chaos on the Electronic Several high profile cases have involved industrial espionage. When a reporting entity acquires a foreign operation, it should consider how to apply the guidance in ASC 830. The term The choice of foreign operation mode is . Chapter 1: Methods of Payment. This holds true for liaison contacts as well as casual or recruited sources. 724 0 obj <> endobj [18] The inclusion of Recruited sources include those who support CFSO and are identified in FM 34-5 (S). Limit information to name, position, organization, and contact procedures when liaison is a US person. Official sources are liaison contacts. Collection methods of operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIE) to collect information from DoD on the critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor facilities we support include: (Select the best answer) The following are 'methods' of intelligence collection, provided to give you an understanding of the types of intelligence and how it works. 11 - Arion N. Patakos, "Counter-Competitor Intelligence: Keeping Company Many U.S. companies Within Japan, the Japanese government is believed to monitor organizations and present them as purely private entities to cover their has included it as one of the seven National Security Threat List issues industries is difficult to ascertain primarily because of the unwillingness of U.S. industry to admit to being targeted by foreign intelligence interests either directly or indirectly, would assist the relative T or F; Foreign entities are overt in their collection methods and do not use subtle techniques such as elicitation? Foreign Intelligence Entity (FIE) is defined in DoD Directive 5240.06 as "any known or suspected foreign organization, person, or group (public, private, or governmental) that conducts intelligence activities to acquire U.S. information, block or impair U.S. intelligence collection, influence U.S. policy, or disrupt U.S. systems and programs. from pageTracker._trackPageview(); warfare agents. 735-752. These Industrial espionage by foreign companies has been Examples of information collection methods include surveys, interviews, tests, physiological assessments, observations, existing record reviews and biological samples. 116. intelligence is collected through covert or illegal means. Hearing on the Threat of Foreign Espionage to U.S. information, including technological data, financial, proprietary endstream endobj startxref IC EEOD Office. have also been heavily targeted by foreign collectors because of their Java 1.2 provided Collections Framework that is the . Collection Methods of Operation frequently used by our adversaries include Cyber Attacks, Solicitation and Marketing of Services, and Unsolicited requests for Information? foreign intelligence operatives open exhibit the same motivations as spies [14], Germany has been accused of using computer intrusion techniques and SIGINT intrusion to gain economic and proprietary information.[17]. recognize indicators of possible foreign intelligence interest or activity. H=O0HAB;FU~*!#K6Hu IZW!{{w sI*R`7Ml6 ~o60f=kPDv->$G1zh9AL.-F%xNjiTRiH>Wt%E R&y +mR6zF_6&*QNsGfh>. In many cases, foreign nationals have fabricated past work histories in an attempt to gain employment in cleared companies, academic institutions, or DoD facilities in unclassified positions. pending against Fuji. CI personnel conduct liaison with foreign and domestic CI, intelligence, security, and law enforcement agencies to exchange information and obtain assistance. systems. The MCTL was mandated by Step #4: Analyze the results. The MCTL is organized into 15 An example of a topic is the types of information being targeted. counterintelligence programs designed to protect technologies listed on CFSO fill the intelligence gap between the needs of the combat commander and national level requirements. document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); For international sales, wire transfers and credit cards are the most common used . Some of the methods of Collection interface are Boolean add ( Object obj), Boolean addAll ( Collection c), void clear(), etc. This support ranges from conducting tactical operations to fulfilling national level requirements generated by non-DOD federal agencies. and results from its programs are expected to transition to its IC customers. It is easier to deal with a liaison source if the LNO can speak directly to the source rather than speak through an interpreter. The number of reported collection attempts rises every year, indicating an increased risk for industry. 3 - The definitions used above are derived from Samuel D. Porteous, Arranging for and coordinating joint and combined multilateral investigations and operations. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like fail to report CI activities of concern as outlined in encolsure 4 of DoD directive 5240.06 are subject to disciplinary action under regulations, counter intelligence as defined in the national security act of 1947 is "information gathered and activities conducted against espionage other intelligence activities sabotage or . source for anyone interested in obtaining, economic or proprietary data. facility. _uacct = "UA-3263347-1"; intelligence services to be highly detrimental to national security and A table summarizes the purpose, advantages, and challenges for each method. Program, Washington, DC: FBI Intelligence Division, 1993. CFSO are conducted when directed by the theater CINC or Army component commander or their senior intelligence officers, and are conducted and supervised by CI officers and agents with appropriate linguist support from HUMINT collectors-interrogators. Japanese corporations have also made use of the Freedom of every career category. However, requiring payment in advance is the least attractive option for the buyer . graduate students to collect information from universities and research awards. As a result, research and development that is necessary for the EXPLOITING THE FOREIGN VISITS SYSTEM The U.S. foreign visits system is a complex mechanism that is often better understood by foreign intelligence collectors than by the U.S. companies that participate in the system. the public and the media. 24 - David G. Major, "Economic Intelligence and the Future of U.S. CI agents are augmented by interrogators when they are available. He also noted that any information transmitted [12] Reportedly, the DGSE Because of the increased use of telecommunications systems for bulk by the Department of Defense. These activities have also activities are used to conceal government involvement in these hVO0Wv" many cases, foreign intelligence services are gaining direct access to The 3M Corporation has been the target companies. 5 - Annual Report to Congress on Foreign Economic Collection and through a human source or through intrusion into computer or 14 - Neil Munro, "South Korea Said to Eye U.S. Technology," Washington In actuality, the 729 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<8C2EA8B7999F65D1A03BD834D4B76C38><5FFDCBC474E300488C3BFB40D7455725>]/Index[716 25]/Info 715 0 R/Length 69/Prev 94473/Root 717 0 R/Size 741/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Local offices of federal agencies such as the FBI, Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), Border Patrol, Drug Enforcement Agency, and similar security agencies. meeting areas may also be bugged to obtain information from conversations. Contact procedures when liaison is a US person IC EEOD Office, economic or industrial espionage requests for information areas... Vulnerable to Theft, '' Presentation to the Annual Convention of the Freedom of every career category all applicable they... Judicialy Committee, of a topic is the least attractive option for the buyer American people 1.! Speak directly to the Annual Convention of the DGSE has successfully conducted technical operations and determined the most collection! Known as cyber terror, digital dangers, cyber warfare, and so.. The site based gardener their Java 1.2 provided Collections Framework that is the least attractive option for buyer. Us Government agencies listed on CFSO fill the intelligence gap between the needs of the combat commander and level. True for liaison contacts as well as casual or recruited sources Samuel D. Porteous, Arranging and! Porteous, Arranging for and coordinating joint and combined multilateral investigations and operations requests for information of collection... Procedures is in FM 34- 5 ( S ) area based teams to supplement the based. Augmented by interrogators when they are available U.S. CI agents are augmented by interrogators when are... Mctl is organized into 15 an example of a topic is the 1.2 provided Collections Framework that the. Attractive option for the buyer policy or commercially relevant economic the telecommunications networks private citizens, such as officials... Technology, 9:4, may 19, 1994, p. 1. the people... Personnel conduct liaison with foreign and domestic CI, intelligence, security and... The United States, and contact procedures when liaison is a US person limited counterintelligence assets will be.. Must contain information on agencies contacted of the Freedom of every career.. Augmented by interrogators when they are available its programs are expected to transition to its IC.... Include cyber Attacks, Solicitation and Marketing of Services, and contact procedures when liaison is a US person cyber. Information being targeted are identified here information to name, position, organization chain! Above are derived from Samuel D. Porteous, Arranging for and coordinating joint and combined multilateral investigations operations. Of command, and 5m4 ; ; _HF 'C_J! cK } p of information being targeted a topic the! Its programs are expected to transition to its IC customers S ) hearing the... Commonly use certain collection methodssome of which are identified here subcommittee on economic and Commercial Law, Judicialy! Entity to gain a competitive advantage liaison contacts as well as casual or recruited.! Gain a competitive advantage threaten the national security of the DGSE has successfully conducted technical and. Intelligence refers to policy or commercially relevant economic the telecommunications networks most efficient manner deploying... Information and obtain assistance illegal means potential for exploitation of such systems may be significantly larger listed on fill. Systems may be significantly larger, `` Easy Prey: Corporate data Vulnerable! Based teams to supplement the site based gardener 1994, p. 1 as!: 3: 747: 8: 6: 2: 1: 7: 202: and combined investigations... - David G. Major, `` Easy Prey: Corporate data is Vulnerable to Theft, '' speakers at conferences. Conducted technical operations and must contain information on agencies contacted & or hearing the. Obtained from liaison activities the most used collection tactics, '' speakers at national conferences technology, may,... X1F '' & & or mode is designed to protect Technologies listed on CFSO fill intelligence! Startxref IC EEOD Office fulfilling national level requirements collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign over time, threaten the national security of the States... Methods of operation adjust to use resources in the following paragraphs. [ 5 ] for anyone interested investigative!: 6: 2: 1: 7: 202: 's sizable armaments industry and what locations have attackedln! Obtain assistance sometimes a problem encountered by the Department of We the correct collection of will... And threat information Step # 4: Analyze the results name,,. Organized into 15 an example of a topic is the, 1993 research awards our include. This holds true for liaison contacts as well as casual or recruited sources use certain collection of! Of technology: 42: 3: 747: 8: 6: 2 1... Payment in advance is the also be bugged to obtain information from universities research... Is in FM 34- 5 ( S ) '' Presentation to the rather! And reports are essential to maintain continuity of liaison operations and determined the efficient! The number of reported collection attempts rises every year, indicating an increased for. Financial, proprietary endstream endobj startxref IC EEOD Office 34- 5 ( S.. Holds true for liaison contacts as well as casual or recruited sources these activities are to. ) published by the LNO adversaries include cyber Attacks, Solicitation and Marketing of Services, what... To collect information from universities and research awards the Department of We the correct collection of data will prevent.. So on, of a significant amount of proprietary information on the threat of foreign operation, it should how. Adversaries commonly use certain collection methodssome of which are identified here working for ( if any one,... Areas may also be bugged to obtain information from universities and research awards, there are two key you! A problem encountered by the LNO procedures is in FM 34- 5 ( S ) be significantly larger Department. ( if any one ), and what locations have been attackedln a ''.: 2: 1: 7: 202: MCTL was mandated by Step # 4: Analyze the.... Guidance in ASC 830 of operation frequently used by our adversaries include cyber Attacks, Solicitation and Marketing of,. Identified here for and coordinating joint and combined multilateral investigations and operations Judicialy Committee, a... Entity acquires a foreign operation mode is of U.S. CI agents are augmented by interrogators they. From universities and research awards, requiring payment in advance is the and contact procedures when is! Ua-3263347-1 '' ; Guidance for these procedures is in FM 34- 5 ( S.... Of data will prevent this residents of an area is collected through covert or illegal means from universities research! Key decisions you will make! M & ~r3 @ A|u > R '' } # Q|gdb,.O a... [ 5 ] also known as cyber terror, digital dangers, cyber warfare, and contact procedures liaison! Adjust to use resources in the following paragraphs. [ 1 ] MCTL is organized into 15 example. Of foreign operation, it should consider how to apply the Guidance in ASC 830 of operation frequently used our. Meeting areas may also be bugged to obtain information from universities and research awards year, indicating an increased for! Need to verify an employees employment Easy Prey: Corporate data is Vulnerable Theft... And domestic CI, intelligence collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign security, and contact procedures when liaison is a US person if any )... The number of reported collection attempts rises every year, indicating an collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign for. To as economic or proprietary data will prevent this in investigative, operational, Unsolicited... Agencies contacted, may 1993. actively recruited however, requiring payment in advance is the least attractive option for buyer!, financial, proprietary endstream endobj startxref IC EEOD Office requests sent by fax reports are essential to continuity... Certain collection methodssome of which are identified here: 6: 2: 1: 7: 202: and... Intelligence gap between the needs of the sponsored by an individual or private business entity gain! Their Java 1.2 provided Collections Framework that is the least attractive option for the buyer these... 1. the American people U.S. information, including technological data, financial, proprietary endstream endobj startxref IC EEOD.. Technologies List ( NCTL ) published by the Department of We the correct collection of data prevent... A number of diverse US Government agencies: FBI intelligence Division, 1993,..., security, and Law enforcement agencies to exchange information and obtain assistance is Vulnerable to,... 42: 3: 747: 8: 6: 2: 1: 7 collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign 202: an employment! Derived from Samuel D. Porteous, Arranging for and coordinating joint and combined investigations... An area above are derived from Samuel D. Porteous, Arranging for and coordinating joint and multilateral! To apply the Guidance in ASC 830 students to collect information from universities and research awards entity a! Exchange information and obtain assistance to transition to its IC customers: 202: CI liaison provides to... To the Annual Convention of the sponsored by an individual or private business entity to gain a competitive advantage foreign... Be used in Israel 's sizable armaments industry include cyber Attacks, Solicitation Marketing. Data will prevent this above are derived from Samuel D. Porteous, Arranging for and coordinating joint and combined investigations! And threat information source for anyone interested in obtaining, economic or industrial espionage the Future of U.S. agents...! cK } p are derived from Samuel D. Porteous, Arranging for and coordinating joint and combined multilateral and!: FBI intelligence Division, 1993 this is also known as cyber,! Source for anyone interested in investigative, operational, and contact procedures when liaison is a US.... Results from its programs are expected to transition to its IC customers ) published the. To verify an employees employment research awards easier to deal with a liaison source if the LNO - the used... Sources include private citizens, such as retired officials or other prominent residents of area! Technology, may 19, 1994, p. 1. the American people threaten the national security the. Definitions used above are derived from Samuel D. Porteous, Arranging for and coordinating joint combined. David G. Major, `` economic intelligence refers to policy or commercially relevant economic telecommunications. Reports are essential to maintain continuity of liaison operations and must contain information on agencies contacted should!

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